Find out by taking this quiz about Africa. [108] Rates of micronutrient deficiencies are also high. According to Jane's Sentinel Country Risk Assessment, Burkina Faso's Army is undermanned for its force structure and poorly equipped, but has wheeled light-armour vehicles, and may have developed useful combat expertise through interventions in Liberia and elsewhere in Africa. [64][65][66] As a result, governors were replaced and wages for public servants were raised.[67][68]. Traditional African Religions and Folk Beliefs in Burkina Faso Burkina Faso also hosts the International Art and Craft Fair, Ouagadougou. Before attaining autonomy, it had been French Upper Volta and part of the French Union. RSP members Marcel Kafando, Edmond Koama, and Ousseini Yaro, investigated as suspects in the Norbert Zongo assassination, were convicted in the Ouedraogo case and sentenced to lengthy prison terms. In the west, Mande languages are widely spoken, the most predominant being Dioula (also known as Jula or Dyula), others including Bobo, Samo, and Marka. In August the ONAFAR monitored a dispute among members of the Federation of Burkina Islamic Associations (FAIB), an organization intended to unite Muslim organizations in Burkina Faso… Thomas Sankara, (born December 21, 1949, Yako, Upper Volta [now Burkina Faso]—died October 15, 1987, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso), military officer and proponent of Pan-Africanism who was installed as president of Upper Volta (later Burkina Faso) in 1983 after a military coup.He held that position until 1987, when he was killed during another coup. [162] Burkina's contribution to African cinema started with the establishment of the film festival FESPACO (Festival Panafricain du Cinéma et de la Télévision de Ouagadougou), which was launched as a film week in 1969. Soon after coming to power, Yaméogo banned all political parties other than the UDV. After conflict over the 1976 constitution, a new constitution was written and approved in 1977. In the history of 49 years, he is the first non-interim president. Christians in Burkina Faso are being forced to “flee, convert or die” by Islamist jihadists, according to the head of a Catholic aid charity. "Encyclopedia of the Nations." [125] This strongly affected Burkina Faso because around 80% of Burkina Faso's population is rural, relying on subsistence farming to make a living. In 1966 the military, led by Lieut. Before the conquest of what is now Burkina Faso by the French and other colonial powers during the late 19th century the country was ruled by various ethnic groups including the Mossi kingdoms. The government wishes to develop, in parallel, applied sciences and technology and social and human sciences. Burkina Faso is a landlocked country in West Africa that covers an area of around 274,200 square kilometres (105,900 sq mi) and is bordered by Mali to the northwest, Niger to the northeast, Benin to the southeast, Togo and Ghana to the south, and the Ivory Coast to the southwest. Compaoré gave as one of the reasons for the coup the deterioration in relations with neighbouring countries. [22] The BBC described the president as a "French-educated banker ... [who] sees himself as a social democrat, and has pledged to reduce youth unemployment, improve education and healthcare, and make health provision for children under six free of charge". [158] The 1960s saw a growth in the number of playwrights being published. Burkina is a rapidly growing country with an estimated 2019 population of 20.32 million, which makes Burkina that 62th most populous country in the world. Two soldiers stand in the Catholic church at the 10th RCAS army barracks in Kaya, Burkina Faso, Saturday, April 10, 2021. [139] In 2018, an estimated 82,000 people in the country were living under "modern slavery" according to the Global Slavery Index. Burkina Faso Religion, Economy and Politics The majority of the population in Burkina Faso, 60.5%, practice Islam. [153], A Dengue fever outbreak in 2016 killed 20 patients. Reports have emerged in recent years of disputes over pay and conditions. In 2000, the constitution was amended to reduce the presidential term to five years and set term limits to two, preventing successive re-election. In a troubled region, Burkina Faso is a rare example of religious diversity and tolerance . Later in the day, the military dissolved all government institutions and imposed a curfew.[53]. Human rights organizations had criticised the Compaoré administration for numerous acts of state-sponsored violence against journalists and other politically active members of society.[70][71]. The last-mentioned group has Mande origins but is assimilated into the Mossi and shares their language (called Moore). MOTION FOR A RESOLUTION. The Oti, another tributary of the Volta, rises in southeastern Burkina Faso. Full independence from France was received in 1960.[39]. The July 2019 population estimate by the United Nations was 20,321,378. In 1998 Compaoré won election in a landslide. The BCEAO manages the monetary and reserve policy of the member states, and provides regulation and oversight of financial sector and banking activity. [112] The efforts of this project are mostly geared towards the treatment and prevention of malnutrition and include take home rations for the caretakers of those children who are being treated for malnutrition. The colony was dismantled on 5 September 1932, being split between the French colonies of Ivory Coast, French Sudan and Niger. Public debt associated with the National Economic and Social Development Plan was estimated at 36.9% of GDP in 2017. Hard economic times and … [48] Compaoré argued that Sankara had jeopardised foreign relations with the former colonial power (France) and with neighbouring Ivory Coast. The massif is bordered by sheer cliffs up to 150 m (492 ft) high. In mid-September 2015 the Kafando government, along with the rest of the post-October 2014 political order, was temporarily overthrown in a coup attempt by the Regiment of Presidential Security (RSP). A separate body, the Directorate General of Scientific Research, Technology and Innovation, co-ordinates research. [60][61], On 8 July 2020, the United States raised concerns after a Human Rights Watch report revealed mass graves with at least 180 bodies, which were found in northern Burkina Faso where soldiers were fighting jihadists. Burkina Faso, landlocked country in western Africa. It is also the residence of the morho naba (“great lord”) of the Mossi and an important regional centre for international aid programs. In May the Ambassador hosted an iftar with Muslim youth from the [165] The country's national team had its most successful year in 2013 when it qualified for the AfroBasket, the continent's prime basketball event. [112] Furthermore, the program aims at improving gender parity rates in these schools, by providing girls with high attendance in the last two years of primary school with take-home rations of cereals as an incentive to households, encouraging them to send their girls to school. In 1998, Burkina Faso hosted the Africa Cup of Nations for which the Omnisport Stadium in Bobo-Dioulasso was built. Vol. [76], In 2015, Kaboré promised to revise the 1991 constitution. From the 11th century, the Mossi people established several separate kingdoms. Transport in Burkina Faso is limited by relatively underdeveloped infrastructure. pursuant to Rule 144 of the Rules of Procedure. The French feared a recurrence of armed uprising and had related economic considerations. The Sahelian zone in the north is semiarid steppe, characterized by three to five months of rainfall, which is often erratic. Animal life includes buffalo, antelope, lions, hippopotamuses, elephants, crocodiles, and monkeys. In terms of training and equipment, the regular Army is believed to be neglected in relation to the élite Regiment of Presidential Security (French: Régiment de la Sécurité Présidentielle – RSP). The eastern and central regions are densely settled and contain about half the total population. With independence came a new style of theatre inspired by forum theatre aimed at educating and entertaining Burkina Faso's rural people. [157], The oral tradition continued to have an influence on Burkinabè writers in the post-independence Burkina Faso of the 1960s, such as Nazi Boni and Roger Nikiema. Burkina Faso is a member of the African Union, G5 Sahel, Community of Sahel–Saharan States, La Francophonie, Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, Economic Community of West African States, and United Nations. As of 2014, its population was estimated at just over 17.3 million. The leader of the leftist faction of Ouédraogo's government, Thomas Sankara, was made Prime Minister but was later imprisoned. The 2018 CIA World Factbook provides this updated summary. The demonym for people of Burkina Faso, "Burkinabé", includes expatriates or descendants of people of Burkinabé origin. The crime was never solved. The capital, Ouagadougou, is in the centre of the country and lies about 500 miles (800 km) from the Atlantic Ocean. The report also highlights the 2018–2020 International Monetary Fund program, including the government's plan to "reduce the budget deficit and preserve critical spending on social services and priority public investments". [19] On 23 September 2015, the prime minister and interim president were restored to power. The Festival International des Masques et des Arts (FESTIMA), celebrating traditional masks, is held every two years in Dédougou. Under the new (1991) constitution, Compaoré was re-elected without opposition in December 1991. [57] However, on 22 September 2015, the coup leader, Gilbert Diendéré, apologized and promised to restore civilian government. Jihadist groups have also fuelled religious and ethnic tensions between farming and herding communities in Mali, Burkina Faso and Niger in order to … Capital Ouagadougou Population (2010) 16,470,000 Annual population growth rate (2000-2010) 3.0% Population gain (2000-2010) 4,175,000 GDP per capita The 1960 constitution provided for election by universal suffrage of a president and a national assembly for five-year terms. [116] The project's next component involves improving the ability of food products, particularly in rural areas. [15][16] Sankara was overthrown and killed in the 1987 coup d'état led by Blaise Compaoré – deteriorating relations with former coloniser France and its ally the Ivory Coast were the reason given for the coup. [22], In February 2016 a terrorist attack occurred at the Splendid Hotel and Capuccino café-bar in the centre of Ouagadougou: 30 people died. [171], Sama's personal car was later burned outside the private radio station Ouaga FM by unknown vandals. Other policies also incorporate science and technology, such as that on Secondary and Higher Education and Scientific Research (2010), the National Policy on Food and Nutrition Security (2014) and the National Programme for the Rural Sector (2011). Two principal climate zones can be distinguished. In the remaining regions the population is scattered. French Upper Volta was established on 1 March 1919. Intl Food Policy Res Inst, 2010", "Famines are a Thing of the Past: Food Security Trends in Northern Burkina Faso", "Burkina Faso: Programme Overview: Water, Sanitation & Hygiene (WASH)", "Burkina Faso launches Sahel region's largest solar power plant", United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, http://citypopulation.de/BurkinaFaso-Cities.html. [116], The December 2018 report by the World Bank indicated that the poverty rate fell slightly between 2009 and 2014, from 46% to a still high 40.1%. The July 2019 population estimate by the United Nations was 20,321,378. BBC NEWS AFRICA, 21 March 2014. Moore, the language of the Mossi, is spoken by a great majority of the population, and Dyula is widely used in commerce. The country occupies an extensive plateau, and its geography is characterized by a savanna that is grassy in the north and gradually gives way to sparse forests in the south. The revision was completed in 2018. After protests by students and labour union members, Yaméogo was deposed in the 1966 coup d'état, led by Sangoulé Lamizana, who became president. Encountering resistance from trade unions again, Zerbo's government was overthrown in the 1982 coup d'état, led by Jean-Baptiste Ouédraogo. On 31 October 2014, President Compaoré, facing mounting pressure, resigned after 27 years in office. It is, however, much lower than the ratio for Senegal (361 per million inhabitants). Between 1915 and 1916, the districts in the western part of what is now Burkina Faso and the bordering eastern fringe of Mali became the stage of one of the most important armed oppositions to colonial government: the Volta-Bani War.[38]. Statistics on religion in Burkina Faso can be misleading because Islam and Christianity are often practiced in tandem with indigenous religious beliefs. Up until then, management of science, technology and innovation had fallen under the Department of Secondary and Higher Education and Scientific Research. [127], Since 2000, nearly 2 million more people have access to water in the four principal urban centres in the country; the company has kept the quality of infrastructure high (less than 18% of the water is lost through leaks – one of the lowest in sub-Saharan Africa), improved financial reporting, and increased its annual revenue by an average of 12% (well above inflation). Burkina Faso's natural resources include gold, manganese, limestone, marble, phosphates, pumice, and salt. Critics described this as a hybrid decentralisation. [107], The European Commission expects that approximately 500,000 children under age 5 in Burkina Faso will suffer from acute malnutrition in 2015, including around 149,000 who will suffer from its most life-threatening form. Atheism or Agnosticism . The rainy season lasts approximately four months, May/June to September, and is shorter in the north of the country. [14] Following the coup Compaoré immediately reversed the nationalizations, overturned nearly all of Sankara's policies, returned the country back into the IMF fold, and ultimately spurned most of Sankara's legacy. [21] He was sworn in as president on 29 December 2015. How has it hurt? Throughout the year, the Ambassador met with imams, priests, and pastors to reinforce U.S. support for religious freedom and tolerance. [76], Burkina Faso is part of the West African Monetary and Economic Union (UMEOA) and has adopted the CFA franc. Updates? BURKINA FASO 2019 INTERNATIONAL RELIGIOUS FREEDOM REPORT Executive Summary The constitution states the country is a secular state, and both it and other laws provide for the right of individuals to choose and change their religion and to practice the religion of their choice. In 2018, the under-five mortality rate and the infant mortality rate was 76 per 1000 live births. The National Culture Week of Burkina Faso, better known by its French name La Semaine Nationale de la culture (SNC), is one of the most important cultural activities of Burkina Faso. They speak a Niger-Congo language of the Gur branch and have been connected for centuries to the region they inhabit. The colony had its capital in Bamako. [86] As the country is situated in the Sahel region, Burkina Faso experiences some of the most radical climatic variation in the world, ranging from severe flooding to extreme drought. The Republic of Upper Volta was established on 11 December 1958 as a self-governing colony within the French Community and on 5 August 1960 it gained full independence with Maurice Yaméogo as President. The seat of the Roman Catholic archbishopric is in Ouagadougou, and there are several bishoprics throughout the country. Annual rainfall varies from about 40 inches (1,000 mm) in the south to less than 10 inches (250 mm) in the north. In the rainy season, the country receives between 60 and 90 cm (23.6 and 35.4 in) of rainfall; in the dry season, the harmattan – a hot dry wind from the Sahara – blows. Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM) and Al-Mourabitoun, two groups which until then had mostly operated in neighbouring Mali, claimed responsibility for the attack. Attacks on Houses of Worship and Religious Leaders in Burkina Faso. The insurance sector is regulated through the Inter-African Conference on Insurance Markets (CIMA). On 16 September 2015, the Regiment of Presidential Security (RSP) seized the country's president and prime minister and then declared the National Council for Democracy the new national government. This is a departure from the pattern in many other West African countries where a single body fulfils both functions. Sankara, who has acquired a legendary status among his admirers similar to that of Che … : SIL International. Protestantism is the religion with the least number of followers in Burkina Faso, but it is growing quickly. The national team is nicknamed "Les Etalons" ("the Stallions") in reference to the legendary horse of Princess Yennenga. The government estimated that 23.2% of the population are Christians (19% being Roman Catholics and 4.2% members of Protestant denominations); 15.3% follow traditional indigenous beliefs such as the Dogon religion, 0.6% have other religions, and 0.4% have none. Dallas, Tex. Burkina Faso - Burkina Faso - Independence: Since Burkina Faso became an independent nation, the military has on several occasions intervened during times of crisis. [97], Burkina Faso is a member of the Organization for the Harmonization of Business Law in Africa (OHADA). Web. What is Rhodesia called today? At the time of its construction, it was the largest solar power facility in West Africa. [111], The United Nations’ World Food Programme has worked on programs that are geared towards increasing food security in Burkina Faso. 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